AUSTRALIAN LABOUR ACCOUNT FRAMEWORK
The Australian Labour Account framework has been designed to conceptually align with the accounting conventions of the United Nations System of National Accounts (2008 SNA), as applied in the ASNA. In particular, the Labour Account aligns with production and residency boundaries of the ASNA. This ensures direct compatibility with National Accounts and productivity estimates, as well as providing a mechanism for bringing together conceptually related aggregate data from business, household and administrative sources.
The Australian Labour Account framework incorporates four distinct quadrants: Jobs, Persons, Labour Volume and Labour Payments. The framework covers all types of employment including employees, self-employed and contributing family workers. A visualisation of the framework is in Appendix 1.
The four quadrants are linked by a set of identity relationships, which the aggregate statistics must satisfy. These identities are shown in Figure 1 below. The identities used in the Australian Labour Account are consistent with the identities used in other countries. Some relationships are direct, such as employed persons in the total economy is equal to the number of main jobs, while other relationships are considered indirect or derived, such that the relationship is based on an average or ratio measure such as average hours worked per job, or average labour income per employed person.
Figure 1: Australian Labour Account identity relationships – Jobs, Persons, Volume and Payments
LABOUR SUPPLY AND LABOUR DEMAND
The supply of labour relates to the quantum of labour services offered by people (i.e. the number of hours actually worked by employed persons, plus the number of additional hours being sought by those who are either unemployed or underemployed). Household surveys are the primary source of data on the supply of labour, supplemented by data from related government administrative records.
Labour demand relates to the quantum of labour services sought by companies and other institutional units engaged in economic activity, within the scope of the 2008 SNA production boundary. It includes the numbers of hours actually paid for in filled jobs, plus the unmet labour demand by employing units measured through vacant jobs. Surveys of businesses, government and not-for-profit institutions and relevant administrative data sets are the main sources of information on labour demand.
LABOUR ACCOUNT STRUCTURE
The Australian Labour Account consists of 11 sets of tables:
- Table 1: Balanced Summary Table
- Table 2: Balanced Jobs Table
- Table 3: Balanced Persons Table
- Table 4: Balanced Labour Volume Table
- Table 5: Balanced Labour Payments Table
- Table 6: Balanced Summary Tables - Industry Division by Financial Year
- Table 7: Balanced Detailed Tables - Industry Division by Financial Year
- Table 8: Balanced Summary Tables - Financial Year by Industry Division
- Table 9: Balanced Detailed Tables - Financial Year by Industry Division
- Table 10: Unbalanced Detailed Table
- Table 11: Unbalanced Detailed Tables - Industry Division by Financial Year
Data in each group are compiled on an annual basis and sub-divided into 19 Industry divisions, as defined in the
Australian and New Zealand Industrial Classification, 2006 (ANZIC06). In future, it is anticipated data will also be available quarterly in original, seasonally adjusted and trend terms.
Table 1: Balanced Summary Table
|
| Labour Account Employed Persons ('000) |
| Filled Jobs ('000) |
 | Labour Account Main Job ('000) |
| Labour Account Secondary Job ('000) |
| Total Labour Income ($ Millions) |
| Average Income Per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Total Labour Cost ($ Millions) |
| Average Labour Cost per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Paid for ('000 Hours) |
| Average Hourly Income Per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Average Labour Cost Per Hour Worked ($) |
| Average Labour Cost Per Hour Paid ($) |
| Average Hours Actually Worked per Job (Hours) |
| Average Hours Actually Worked Per Labour Account Employed Person (Hours) |
| Average Weekly Hours Actually Worked Per Labour Account Employed Person (Hours) |
Table 2: Balanced Jobs Table
|
| Total Jobs ('000) |
| Job Vacancies ('000) |
| Filled Jobs ('000) |
| | Labour Account Main Job ('000) |
| | | Labour Force Survey Main Job ('000) |
| | | Adjustments to Main Job ('000) |
| | Labour Account Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | Labour Force Survey Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | Adjustments to Secondary Job ('000) |
Table 3: Balanced Persons Table
|
| Labour Account Labour Force Total ('000) |
| Labour Account Employed Persons ('000) |
| | Labour Force Survey Employed Persons ('000) |
| | Adjustments to Employed Persons ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Unemployed Total ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Underutilised Persons ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Underemployed Persons ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Not in the Labour Force ('000) |
Table 4: Balanced Labour Volume Table
|
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Adjustments to Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Paid For ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Ordinary Hours ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Overtime Hours ('000 Hours) |
| Residual ('000 Hours) |
| Residual as a % of Labour Account Hours Actually Worked (%) |
| Available Hours of Labour Supply ('000 Hours) |
| Hours Sought but Not Worked ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Sought by Unemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | Additional Hours Sought by Underemployed ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
Table 5: Balanced Labour Payments Table
|
| Total Labour Costs ($ Millions) |
| Compensation of Employees ($ Millions) |
| | Wages and Salaries ($ Millions) |
| | Employers' Social Contributions ($ Millions) |
| Other Related Costs to Employers ($ Millions) |
| | Employers' Payroll Taxes ($ Millions) |
| | Recruitment Services ($ Millions) |
| | Training Costs ($ Millions) |
| | Employment Subsidies ($ Millions) |
| Labour Income from Self-Employment ($ Millions) |
| Total Labour Income ($ Millions) |
Table 6: Balanced Summary Tables – Industry Division by Financial Year
|
| Labour Account Employed Persons ('000) |
| Filled Jobs ('000) |
| Labour Account Main Job ('000) |
| Labour Account Secondary Job ('000) |
| Total Labour Income ($ Millions) |
| Average Income Per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Total Labour Cost ($ Millions) |
| Average Cost Per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Paid For ('000 Hours) |
| Average Hourly Income Per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Average Labour Cost Per Hour Worked ($) |
| Average Labour Cost Per Hour Paid For ($) |
| Average Hours Actually Worked Per Job (Hours) |
| Average Hours Actually Worked Per Labour Account Employed Person (Hours) |
| Average Weekly Hours Actually Worked Per Labour Account Employed Person (Hours) |
Table 7: Balanced Detailed Tables – Industry Division by Financial Year
|
| JOBS |
| Total Jobs ('000) |
| | Job Vacancies ('000) |
| | Filled Jobs ('000) |
| | | Labour Account Main Job ('000) |
| | | | Labour Force Survey Main Job ('000) |
| | | | Adjustments to Main Job ('000) |
| | | Labour Account Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | | Labour Force Survey Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | | Adjustments to Secondary Job ('000) |
|
| PERSONS |
| Labour Account Labour Force Total ('000) |
| | Labour Account Employed Persons ('000) |
| | | Labour Force Survey Employed Persons ('000) |
| | | Adjustments to Employed Persons ('000) |
| | Labour Force Survey Unemployed by Industry of Last Job ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Underemployed by Industry of Main Job ('000) |
|
| VOLUME |
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | Adjustments to Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Paid For ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Ordinary Hours ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Overtime Hours ('000 Hours) |
| Residual ('000 Hours) |
| | Residual as a % of Labour Account Hours Actually Worked (%) |
| Available Hours of Labour Supply ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Sought but Not Worked ('000 Hours) |
| | | Hours Sought by Unemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | | Additional Hours Sought by Underemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
|
| PAYMENTS |
| Total Labour Costs ($ Millions) |
| | Compensation of Employees ($ Millions) |
| | Other Related Costs to Employers ($ Millions) |
| | | Employers' Payroll Taxes ($ Millions) |
| | | Recruitment Services ($ Millions) |
| | | Training Costs ($ Millions) |
| | | Employment Subsidies ($ Millions) |
| | Labour Income from Self-Employment ($ Millions) |
| Total Labour Income ($ Millions) |
Table 8: Balanced Summary Tables – Financial Year by Industry Division
|
| Labour Account Employed Persons ('000) |
| Filled Jobs ('000) |
| Labour Account Main Job ('000) |
| Labour Account Secondary Job ('000) |
| Total Labour Income ($ Millions) |
| Average Income Per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Total Labour Cost ($ Millions) |
| Average Cost Per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Paid For ('000 Hours) |
| Average Hourly Income Per Labour Account Employed Person ($) |
| Average Labour Cost Per Hour Worked ($) |
| Average Labour Cost Per Hour Paid ($) |
| Average Hours Actually Worked Per Job (Hours) |
| Average Hours Actually Worked Per Labour Account Employed Person (Hours) |
| Average Weekly Hours Actually Worked Per Labour Account Employed Person (Hours) |
Table 9: Balanced Detailed Tables - Financial Year by Industry Division
|
| JOBS |
| Total Jobs ('000) |
| | Job Vacancies ('000) |
| | Filled Jobs ('000) |
| | | Labour Account Main Job ('000) |
| | | | Labour Force Survey Main Job ('000) |
| | | | Adjustments to Main Job ('000) |
| | | Labour Account Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | | Labour Force Survey Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | | Adjustments to Secondary Job ('000) |
|
| PERSONS |
| Labour Account Labour Force Total ('000) |
| | Labour Account Employed Persons ('000) |
| | | Labour Force Survey Employed Persons ('000) |
| | | Adjustments to Employed Persons ('000) |
| | Labour Force Survey Unemployed by Industry of Last Job ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Underemployed by Industry of Main Job ('000) |
|
| VOLUME |
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | Adjustments to Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Paid For ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Ordinary Hours ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Overtime Hours ('000 Hours) |
| Residual ('000 Hours) |
| | Residual as a % of Labour Account Hours Actually Worked (%) |
| Available Hours of Labour Supply ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Sought but Not Worked ('000 Hours) |
| | | Hours Sought by Unemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | | Additional Hours Sought by Underemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
|
| PAYMENTS |
| Total Labour Costs ($ Millions) |
| | Compensation of Employees ($ Millions) |
| | Other Related Costs to Employers ($ Millions) |
| | | Employers' Payroll Taxes ($ Millions) |
| | | Recruitment Services ($ Millions) |
| | | Training Costs ($ Millions) |
| | | Employment Subsidies ($ Millions) |
| | Labour Income from Self-Employment ($ Millions) |
| Total Labour Income ($ Millions) |
Table 10: Unbalanced Detailed Table
|
| JOBS |
| Total Jobs ('000) |
| | Job Vacancies ('000) |
| | Filled Jobs (Business Sources) ('000) |
| | | Business Survey Filled Jobs ('000) |
| | | Adjustments to Filled Jobs (Business Sources) ('000) |
| | Filled Jobs (Household Sources) ('000) |
| | | Labour Account Main Job ('000) |
| | | | Labour Force Survey Main Job ('000) |
| | | | Adjustments to Main Job ('000) |
| | | Labour Account Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | | Labour Force Survey Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | | Adjustments to Secondary Job ('000) |
| Statistical Discrepancy ('000) |
| | Statistical Discrepancy as a % of Filled Jobs (Household Sources) (%) |
| | | | |
| PERSONS |
| Labour Account Labour Force Total ('000) |
| | Labour Account Employed Persons ('000) |
| | | Labour Force Survey Employed Persons ('000) |
| | | Adjustments to Employed Persons ('000) |
| | Labour Force Survey Unemployed Total ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Underutilised Persons ('000) |
| | Labour Force Survey Underemployed Persons ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Not in the Labour Force ('000) |
| | | | |
| VOLUME |
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | Adjustments to Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Paid For ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Ordinary Hours ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Overtime Hours ('000 Hours) |
| Residual ('000 Hours) |
| | Residual as a % of Labour Account Hours Actually Worked (%) |
| Available Hours of Labour Supply ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Sought but Not Worked ('000 Hours) |
| | | Hours Sought by Unemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | | Additional Hours Sought by Underemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | | | |
| PAYMENTS |
| Total Labour Costs ($ Millions) |
| | Compensation of Employees ($ Millions) |
| | | Wages and Salaries ($ Millions) |
| | | Employers' Social Contributions ($ Millions) |
| | Other Related Costs to Employers ($ Millions) |
| | | Employers' Payroll Taxes ($ Millions) |
| | | Recruitment Services ($ Millions) |
| | | Training Costs ($ Millions) |
| | | Employment Subsidies ($ Millions) |
| | Labour Income from Self-Employment ($ Millions) |
| Total Labour Income ($ Millions) |
Table 11: Unbalanced Detailed Tables – Industry Division by Financial Year
|
| JOBS |
| Total Jobs ('000) |
| | Job Vacancies ('000) |
| | Filled Jobs (Business Sources) ('000) |
| | | Business Survey Filled Jobs ('000) |
| | | Adjustments to Filled Jobs (Business Sources) ('000) |
| | Filled Jobs (Household Sources) ('000) |
| | | Labour Account Main Job ('000) |
| | | | Labour Force Survey Main Job ('000) |
| | | | Adjustments to Main Job ('000) |
| | | Labour Account Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | | Labour Force Survey Secondary Job ('000) |
| | | | Adjustments to Secondary Job ('000) |
| Statistical Discrepancy ('000) |
| | Statistical Discrepancy as a % of Filled Jobs (Household Sources) (%) |
| | | | |
| PERSONS |
| Labour Account Labour Force Total ('000) |
| | Labour Account Employed Persons ('000) |
| | | Labour Force Survey Employed Persons ('000) |
| | | Adjustments to Employed Persons ('000) |
| | Labour Force Survey Unemployed by Industry of Last Job ('000) |
| Labour Force Survey Underemployed by Industry of Main Job ('000) |
| | | | |
| VOLUME |
| Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | Adjustments to Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| Labour Account Hours Paid For ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Ordinary Hours ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Overtime Hours ('000 Hours) |
| Residual ('000 Hours) |
| | Residual as a % of Labour Account Hours Actually Worked (%) |
| Available Hours of Labour Supply ('000 Hours) |
| | Hours Sought but Not Worked ('000 Hours) |
| | | Hours Sought by Unemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | | Additional Hours Sought by Underemployed ('000 Hours) |
| | Labour Account Hours Actually Worked in All Jobs ('000 Hours) |
| | | | |
| PAYMENTS |
| Total Labour Costs ($ Millions) |
| | Compensation of Employees ($ Millions) |
| | Other Related Costs to Employers ($ Millions) |
| | | Employers' Payroll Taxes ($ Millions) |
| | | Recruitment Services ($ Millions) |
| | | Training Costs ($ Millions) |
| | | Employment Subsidies ($ Millions) |
| | Labour Income from Self-Employment ($ Millions) |
| Total Labour Income ($ Millions) |
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